从心肾论治卒中后抑郁

卒中后抑郁(Post-stroke Depression,PSD)是脑卒中后的常见并发症之一,随着人口老龄化的发展,卒中的发生率日益升高,致使卒中后抑郁人数渐渐增多。目前现代医学对本病的治疗周期较长,患者依从性差,容易造成病情迁延,降低患者的生活质量。中医从整体出发,辨证施治,疗效颇佳,本文将从心肾方面阐述本病,为本病的中医临床研究提供新思路。     

耳甲电针治疗功能性消化不良的临床效果

目的:观察耳甲电针治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。方法:选取2018年6月至2019年5月北京同仁医院收治的功能性消化不良患者90例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组采用对照刺激,观察组采用耳甲电针刺激,所有患者治疗前后均使用功能性消化不良主要症状评分表、功能性消化不良生命质量量表(FDDQL)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者症状的严重程度,并参照功能性消化不良中医诊疗专家共识意见和功能性消化不良中西医结合诊疗共识意见的疗效评估方法,对比分析观察组与对照组治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。结果:观察组和对照组治疗前主要症状评分表、功能性消化不良生命质量量表(FDDQL)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组症状及量表评分与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率82.22%,对照组治疗有效率57.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:耳甲电针对于功能性消化不良的各项症状具有较好的疗效。     

从治未病探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症中医体质管理

目的:观察四川省自贡地区高同型半胱氨酸血症(homocysteine,HCY)人群的中医体质分布、中医体质与心血管危险因素的相关性,为建立治未病同健康管理相结合的模式干预高同型半胱氨酸血症提供依据。方法:通过调查514例高同型半胱氨酸血症人群填写的《中医体质分类与判定表》的情况,搜集基本信息及实验室检查,探讨中医体质分布和危险因素的相关性。结果:514例高HCY血症人群中,主要以痰湿质(28.2%)、血瘀质(17.1%)、湿热质(14.8%)、阴虚质(12.3%)为主,男性体质分布以痰湿质(32.2%)、血瘀质(16.9%)、湿热质(14.2%)、气虚质(11.2%)为主,女性体质分布以痰湿质(23.9%)、血瘀质(17.4%)、湿热质(15.4%)、阴虚质(14.6%)为主。痰湿质、血瘀质、湿热质、阴虚质的年龄、舒张压、三酰甘油水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,痰湿质年龄水平高于其他3种体质,湿热质年龄水平最低(P<0.05);血瘀质舒张压高于其他3种体质(P<0.05),湿热质三酰甘油含量高于其他3种体质(P<0.05)。痰湿质、血瘀质高HCY人群与饮酒有显著相关性(P<0.05),湿热质高HCY人群与高血压有显著相关性(P<0.05),痰湿质、阴虚质高HCY人群与血脂异常有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:痰湿质、血瘀质、湿热质、阴虚质是高同型半胱氨酸血症的主要体质,男女体质分布有差异,不同体质相关的危险因素不同。     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察

目的:观察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床疗效。方法:将94例失眠患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各47例,对照组采用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗,治疗组采用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗,两组均连续治疗6周后判定临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及Barthel指数(BI)变化。结果:两组患者治疗后HAMD评分较本组治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),BI评分较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后HAMD评分低于对照组(P<0.05),BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医证候积分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者中医证候积分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤联合腹针治疗脑卒中后抑郁可改善患者抑郁症状。     

“三焦针法”改善慢性肾脏病患者失眠症的临床观察

[目的]通过"三焦针法"对慢性肾脏病合并不寐患者辨证施治,探讨"三焦针法"治疗慢性肾脏病患者失眠症的临床疗效。[方法]对天津市第一中心医院慢性肾脏病管理中心长期随访的89例慢性肾脏病3、4期未透析患者以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评价睡眠质量。筛选出失眠症患者为研究对象,并随机选取30例患者实施"三焦针法"针灸治疗,其余患者作为对照组给予综合治疗。针灸治疗总疗程为3个月,继续随访至6个月。全部患者治疗前、3个月疗程结束、6个月随访结束后记录患者一般情况、实验室指标、PSQI评分、中医症状评分、SF-36生活质量评分以及评估的肾小球滤过率(eGFR),评价干预前后上述各项指标的变化。[结果]全部患者中男性占60.7%,平均年龄52.5岁,平均eGFR 48.9 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)。至6个月随访结束,针灸治疗组PSQI评分与基线评分比较下降值明显高于对照组。针灸治疗组各项中医症状评分改善情况优于对照组,失眠缓解率明显高于对照组。两组之间eGFR及SF-36评分变化无明显差异。[结论]"三焦针法"可以显著改善CKD3、4期未透析患者的失眠症,各项中医症状也得到相应改善。     

Implicit and explicit self-concept of neuroticism in borderline personality disorder

Purpose: In the past, research on personality in borderline personality disorder (BPD) used primarily questionnaires suggesting heightened neuroticism in BPD. Self-report instruments inform about the conscious or explicit self-concept. BPD patients are known to show negative distortion with exaggeration of negative affect in the self-report. Neuroticism represents a risk factor for mental disorders. Indirect measures are available that tap into the implicit self-concept of neuroticism. The implicit self-concept refers to individual differences in associative representations of the self. The present study examined for the first time the implicit in addition to the explicit self-concept of neuroticism in BPD.

Materials and methods: Female BPD patients (N?=?35) and healthy women (N?=?39) completed an implicit association test and the NEO-FFI personality inventory.

Results: BPD patients showed higher implicit and explicit neuroticism compared to controls. The group difference for explicit neuroticism was four times larger than that for implicit neuroticism. Presence of comorbid depressive disorder was positively correlated with implicit neuroticism. The IAT neuroticism showed excellent split-half reliability for BPD patients.

Conclusions: The present data suggest that BPD patients with comorbid clinical depression but not those without clinical depression differ from healthy individuals in their implicit self-concept of neuroticism. In the associative network, BPD patients with comorbid clinical depression exhibit stronger associations of the self with neuroticism-related characteristics, such as nervousness, fearfulness, and uncertainty than healthy individuals. Regardless of depression, BPD patients show increased explicit neuroticism. Our findings provide evidence that the IAT neuroticism can be applied reliably to BPD patients.     

Depressive symptoms in caregivers immediately after stroke

Background: Caregivers of stroke survivors often suffer depressive symptoms that interfere with their own health. Early recognition may lead to attenuation of symptoms and better health and well-being for caregivers.

Objective: We examined characteristics of caregivers and stroke survivors associated with caregivers’ depressive symptoms in the early poststroke period.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal exploratory observational study with a convenience sample of 63 caregivers of older adult (≥ 65 years) stroke survivors recruited from urban acute-care settings. We enrolled caregivers by 2 weeks poststroke (T1) and revisited them 4 weeks later (T2). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A separate unadjusted linear mixed model was computed to explore significant associations between each caregiver or stroke-survivor characteristic and depressive symptoms.

Results: Caregivers, on average, reported mild depressive symptoms at T1 and T2. Each of the following characteristics was independently associated with caregiver depressive symptoms over the first 6 weeks poststroke: caregiver uncertainty (p < 0.001), perceived stress (p < 0.001) but not cortisol levels (p = 0.858 on waking, p = 0.231 evening), coping (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.006), race (p = 0.022), income (p = 0.001), time spent on care (p = 0.039), and stroke-survivor race (p = 0.033) and functional status (p = 0.003). At T2, caregiver depressive symptoms were correlated with evening cortisol level (p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Caregiver and stroke-survivor characteristics may help identify caregivers at highest risk for early depressive symptoms and guide interventions aimed at their resolution.     

Depression in type 1 diabetes and risk of dementia

Objective: Depression afflicts 14% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Depression is a robust risk factor for dementia but it is unknown if this holds true for individuals with T1D, who recently started living to an age conferring dementia risk. We examined if depression is a dementia risk factor among elderly individuals with T1D.

Methods: 3,742 individuals with T1D age ≥50 were followed for dementia from 1/1/96-9/30/2015. Depression, dementia, and comorbidities were abstracted from electronic medical records. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association between depression and dementia adjusting for demographics, glycosylated hemoglobin, severe dysglycemic epidsodes, stroke, heart disease, nephropathy, and end stage renal disease. The cumulative incidence of dementia by depression was estimated conditional on survival dementia-free to age 55.

Results: Five percent (N = 182) were diagnosed with dementia and 20% had baseline depression. Depression was associated with a 72% increase in dementia (fully adjusted HR = 1.72; 95% CI:1.12-2.65). The 25-year cumulative incidence of dementia was more than double for those with versus without depression (27% vs. 12%).

Conclusions: For people with T1D, depression significantly increases dementia risk. Given the pervasiveness of depression in T1D, this has major implications for successful aging in this population recently living to old age.